Profile Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	12
Number of observations	1586614
Missing cells	68148
Missing cells (%)	0.4%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	145.3 MiB
Average record size in memory	96.0 B

Variable types

Numeric	9
Categorical	3

Warnings

`brewery_name` has a high cardinality: 5742 distinct values	High cardinality
`review_profilename` has a high cardinality: 33387 distinct values	High cardinality
`beer_name` has a high cardinality: 56857 distinct values	High cardinality
`beer_abv` has 67785 (4.3%) missing values	Missing

Reproduction

Analysis started	2021-02-24 10:21:12.796559
Analysis finished	2021-02-24 10:23:26.664204
Duration	2 minutes and 13.87 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v2.10.0
Download configuration	config.yaml

brewery_id
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	5840
Distinct (%)	0.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	3130.099202
Minimum	1
Maximum	28003
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.1 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	30
Q1	143
median	429
Q3	2372
95-th percentile	16866
Maximum	28003
Range	28002
Interquartile range (IQR)	2229

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	5578.103987
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.782085368
Kurtosis	3.408354127
Mean	3130.099202
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	366
Skewness	2.083747568
Sum	4966259215
Variance	31115244.1
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
35	39444	2.5%
10099	33839	2.1%
147	33066	2.1%
140	28751	1.8%
287	25191	1.6%
132	24083	1.5%
1199	20004	1.3%
345	19479	1.2%
220	16837	1.1%
30	16107	1.0%
Other values (5830)	1329813	83.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1357	0.1%
2	40	< 0.1%
3	5357	0.3%
4	7321	0.5%
5	728	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
28003	2	< 0.1%
28000	1	< 0.1%
27984	1	< 0.1%
27980	3	< 0.1%
27945	1	< 0.1%

brewery_name
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY

Distinct	5742
Distinct (%)	0.4%
Missing	15
Missing (%)	< 0.1%
Memory size	12.1 MiB

Boston Beer Company (Samuel Adams)	39444
Dogfish Head Brewery	33839
Stone Brewing Co.	33066
Sierra Nevada Brewing Co.	28751
Bell's Brewery, Inc.	25191
Other values (5737)	1426308

Length

Max length	66
Median length	23
Mean length	23.61032246
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	37460114
Distinct characters	132
Distinct categories	12 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	3 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	672 ?
Unique (%)	< 0.1%

Sample

1st row	Vecchio Birraio
2nd row	Vecchio Birraio
3rd row	Vecchio Birraio
4th row	Vecchio Birraio
5th row	Caldera Brewing Company

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Boston Beer Company (Samuel Adams)	39444	2.5%
Dogfish Head Brewery	33839	2.1%
Stone Brewing Co.	33066	2.1%
Sierra Nevada Brewing Co.	28751	1.8%
Bell's Brewery, Inc.	25191	1.6%
Rogue Ales	24083	1.5%
Founders Brewing Company	20004	1.3%
Victory Brewing Company	19479	1.2%
Lagunitas Brewing Company	16837	1.1%
Avery Brewing Company	16107	1.0%
Other values (5732)	1329798	83.8%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
brewing	752184	13.6%
company	541207	9.8%
brewery	306096	5.6%
co	263714	4.8%
	179145	3.2%
beer	95720	1.7%
brouwerij	71874	1.3%
samuel	49736	0.9%
de	47007	0.9%
ltd	45786	0.8%
Other values (6761)	3161958	57.3%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	3939975	10.5%
	3931498	10.5%
r	3198978	8.5%
n	2341435	6.3%
a	2041858	5.5%
o	2009863	5.4%
i	1909456	5.1%
B	1714210	4.6%
w	1306627	3.5%
s	1172755	3.1%
Other values (122)	13893459	37.1%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	26990365	72.1%
Uppercase Letter	5508479	14.7%
Space Separator	3931502	10.5%
Other Punctuation	809694	2.2%
Open Punctuation	69272	0.2%
Close Punctuation	69272	0.2%
Dash Punctuation	56826	0.2%
Decimal Number	22848	0.1%
Control	855	< 0.1%
Final Punctuation	720	< 0.1%
Other values (2)	281	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	3939975	14.6%
r	3198978	11.9%
n	2341435	8.7%
a	2041858	7.6%
o	2009863	7.4%
i	1909456	7.1%
w	1306627	4.8%
s	1172755	4.3%
g	1135712	4.2%
y	1133858	4.2%
Other values (47)	6799848	25.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
B	1714210	31.1%
C	989535	18.0%
S	417502	7.6%
A	304760	5.5%
H	193868	3.5%
L	191839	3.5%
D	178746	3.2%
T	171416	3.1%
G	164219	3.0%
P	159544	2.9%
Other values (27)	1022840	18.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
.	469257	58.0%
&	118017	14.6%
'	99610	12.3%
/	63031	7.8%
,	51456	6.4%
#	4052	0.5%
;	4000	0.5%
?	144	< 0.1%
"	81	< 0.1%
@	46	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	6832	29.9%
1	4501	19.7%
3	3349	14.7%
8	1795	7.9%
5	1673	7.3%
7	1471	6.4%
6	1423	6.2%
4	727	3.2%
0	567	2.5%
9	510	2.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	640	74.9%
	180	21.1%
	24	2.8%
	5	0.6%
	2	0.2%
	2	0.2%
	2	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	3931498	> 99.9%
	4	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(	69246	> 99.9%
[	26	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
)	69246	> 99.9%
]	26	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
´	7	63.6%
`	4	36.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	56826	100.0%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	720	100.0%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
+	270	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	32498844	86.8%
Common	4961270	13.2%

Most frequent character per script

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	3939975	12.1%
r	3198978	9.8%
n	2341435	7.2%
a	2041858	6.3%
o	2009863	6.2%
i	1909456	5.9%
B	1714210	5.3%
w	1306627	4.0%
s	1172755	3.6%
g	1135712	3.5%
Other values (84)	11727975	36.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	3931498	79.2%
.	469257	9.5%
&	118017	2.4%
'	99610	2.0%
(	69246	1.4%
)	69246	1.4%
/	63031	1.3%
-	56826	1.1%
,	51456	1.0%
2	6832	0.1%
Other values (28)	26251	0.5%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	37376747	99.8%
None	82647	0.2%
Punctuation	720	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per block

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	3939975	10.5%
	3931498	10.5%
r	3198978	8.6%
n	2341435	6.3%
a	2041858	5.5%
o	2009863	5.4%
i	1909456	5.1%
B	1714210	4.6%
w	1306627	3.5%
s	1172755	3.1%
Other values (70)	13810092	36.9%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ä	24216	29.3%
ö	15340	18.6%
è	8006	9.7%
ø	6231	7.5%
é	5753	7.0%
í	4427	5.4%
ü	4010	4.9%
Ø	3438	4.2%
ô	3009	3.6%
ý	1538	1.9%
Other values (41)	6679	8.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	720	100.0%

review_time
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	1577960
Distinct (%)	99.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	1224089280
Minimum	840672001
Maximum	1326285348
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.1 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	840672001
5-th percentile	1071431292
Q1	1173224188
median	1239202882
Q3	1288568405
95-th percentile	1318389924
Maximum	1326285348
Range	485613347
Interquartile range (IQR)	115344217

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	76544274.54
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.06253161088
Kurtosis	-0.3136982976
Mean	1224089280
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	54219357.5
Skewness	-0.7352727768
Sum	1.942157189 × 10¹⁵
Variance	5.859025965 × 10¹⁵
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1101772800	21	< 0.1%
926380801	8	< 0.1%
1031101200	8	< 0.1%
980812801	7	< 0.1%
897091201	7	< 0.1%
1022112001	7	< 0.1%
904867201	6	< 0.1%
902966401	6	< 0.1%
933033601	6	< 0.1%
926294401	5	< 0.1%
Other values (1577950)	1586533	> 99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
840672001	1	< 0.1%
884390401	1	< 0.1%
884649601	1	< 0.1%
885340801	1	< 0.1%
885427201	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1326285348	1	< 0.1%
1326284970	1	< 0.1%
1326276656	1	< 0.1%
1326275049	1	< 0.1%
1326274454	1	< 0.1%

review_overall
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	10
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	3.815580853
Minimum	0
Maximum	5
Zeros	7
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Memory size	12.1 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	2.5
Q1	3.5
median	4
Q3	4.5
95-th percentile	5
Maximum	5
Range	5
Interquartile range (IQR)	1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.7206218681
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1888629532
Kurtosis	1.631038958
Mean	3.815580853
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.5
Skewness	-1.023968713
Sum	6053854
Variance	0.5192958767
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4	582764	36.7%
4.5	324385	20.4%
3.5	301817	19.0%
3	165644	10.4%
5	91320	5.8%
2.5	58523	3.7%
2	38225	2.4%
1.5	12975	0.8%
1	10954	0.7%
0	7	< 0.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	7	< 0.1%
1	10954	0.7%
1.5	12975	0.8%
2	38225	2.4%
2.5	58523	3.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5	91320	5.8%
4.5	324385	20.4%
4	582764	36.7%
3.5	301817	19.0%
3	165644	10.4%

review_aroma
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	9
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	3.735636078
Minimum	1
Maximum	5
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.1 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	2.5
Q1	3.5
median	4
Q3	4
95-th percentile	4.5
Maximum	5
Range	4
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.6976167288
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1867464374
Kurtosis	1.145196752
Mean	3.735636078
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.5
Skewness	-0.838530526
Sum	5927012.5
Variance	0.4866691003
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=9)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4	557383	35.1%
3.5	365312	23.0%
4.5	271450	17.1%
3	200030	12.6%
2.5	66359	4.2%
5	64117	4.0%
2	42566	2.7%
1.5	12524	0.8%
1	6873	0.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	6873	0.4%
1.5	12524	0.8%
2	42566	2.7%
2.5	66359	4.2%
3	200030	12.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5	64117	4.0%
4.5	271450	17.1%
4	557383	35.1%
3.5	365312	23.0%
3	200030	12.6%

review_appearance
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	10
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	3.841641697
Minimum	0
Maximum	5
Zeros	7
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Memory size	12.1 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	3
Q1	3.5
median	4
Q3	4
95-th percentile	4.5
Maximum	5
Range	5
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.6160927689
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.160372262
Kurtosis	1.738866541
Mean	3.841641697
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.5
Skewness	-0.9024199172
Sum	6095202.5
Variance	0.3795702999
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4	674186	42.5%
3.5	318529	20.1%
4.5	288108	18.2%
3	166009	10.5%
5	65398	4.1%
2.5	39493	2.5%
2	25414	1.6%
1.5	6147	0.4%
1	3323	0.2%
0	7	< 0.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	7	< 0.1%
1	3323	0.2%
1.5	6147	0.4%
2	25414	1.6%
2.5	39493	2.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5	65398	4.1%
4.5	288108	18.2%
4	674186	42.5%
3.5	318529	20.1%
3	166009	10.5%

review_profilename
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY

Distinct	33387
Distinct (%)	2.1%
Missing	348
Missing (%)	< 0.1%
Memory size	12.1 MiB

northyorksammy	5817
BuckeyeNation	4661
mikesgroove	4617
Thorpe429	3518
womencantsail	3497
Other values (33382)	1564156

Length

Max length	16
Median length	9
Mean length	8.962746475
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	14217300
Distinct characters	63
Distinct categories	4 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	10443 ?
Unique (%)	0.7%

Sample

1st row	stcules
2nd row	stcules
3rd row	stcules
4th row	stcules
5th row	johnmichaelsen

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
northyorksammy	5817	0.4%
BuckeyeNation	4661	0.3%
mikesgroove	4617	0.3%
Thorpe429	3518	0.2%
womencantsail	3497	0.2%
NeroFiddled	3488	0.2%
ChainGangGuy	3471	0.2%
brentk56	3357	0.2%
Phyl21ca	3179	0.2%
WesWes	3168	0.2%
Other values (33377)	1547493	97.5%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
northyorksammy	5817	0.4%
buckeyenation	4661	0.3%
mikesgroove	4617	0.3%
thorpe429	3518	0.2%
womencantsail	3497	0.2%
nerofiddled	3488	0.2%
chaingangguy	3471	0.2%
brentk56	3357	0.2%
phyl21ca	3179	0.2%
weswes	3168	0.2%
Other values (33377)	1547493	97.6%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	1456336	10.2%
a	1059087	7.4%
r	1013118	7.1%
o	866721	6.1%
n	764015	5.4%
i	718329	5.1%
t	631230	4.4%
s	598952	4.2%
l	570628	4.0%
d	445265	3.1%
Other values (53)	6093619	42.9%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	11922011	83.9%
Uppercase Letter	1348320	9.5%
Decimal Number	946848	6.7%
Other Punctuation	121	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	1456336	12.2%
a	1059087	8.9%
r	1013118	8.5%
o	866721	7.3%
n	764015	6.4%
i	718329	6.0%
t	631230	5.3%
s	598952	5.0%
l	570628	4.8%
d	445265	3.7%
Other values (16)	3798330	31.9%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
B	166179	12.3%
S	99905	7.4%
D	92244	6.8%
M	91717	6.8%
T	81794	6.1%
C	79278	5.9%
G	72979	5.4%
J	64353	4.8%
R	64118	4.8%
A	63561	4.7%
Other values (16)	472192	35.0%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	170728	18.0%
0	126244	13.3%
2	117738	12.4%
7	100599	10.6%
3	87239	9.2%
8	79308	8.4%
9	74969	7.9%
5	67625	7.1%
4	67397	7.1%
6	55001	5.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
.	121	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	13270331	93.3%
Common	946969	6.7%

Most frequent character per script

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	1456336	11.0%
a	1059087	8.0%
r	1013118	7.6%
o	866721	6.5%
n	764015	5.8%
i	718329	5.4%
t	631230	4.8%
s	598952	4.5%
l	570628	4.3%
d	445265	3.4%
Other values (42)	5146650	38.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	170728	18.0%
0	126244	13.3%
2	117738	12.4%
7	100599	10.6%
3	87239	9.2%
8	79308	8.4%
9	74969	7.9%
5	67625	7.1%
4	67397	7.1%
6	55001	5.8%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	14217300	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	1456336	10.2%
a	1059087	7.4%
r	1013118	7.1%
o	866721	6.1%
n	764015	5.4%
i	718329	5.1%
t	631230	4.4%
s	598952	4.2%
l	570628	4.0%
d	445265	3.1%
Other values (53)	6093619	42.9%

review_palate
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	9
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	3.743701367
Minimum	1
Maximum	5
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.1 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	2.5
Q1	3.5
median	4
Q3	4
95-th percentile	4.5
Maximum	5
Range	4
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.6822183634
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1822309785
Kurtosis	1.303397287
Mean	3.743701367
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.5
Skewness	-0.8691499712
Sum	5939809
Variance	0.4654218953
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=9)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4	606711	38.2%
3.5	338585	21.3%
4.5	253102	16.0%
3	206932	13.0%
2.5	62842	4.0%
5	62190	3.9%
2	38333	2.4%
1.5	11045	0.7%
1	6874	0.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	6874	0.4%
1.5	11045	0.7%
2	38333	2.4%
2.5	62842	4.0%
3	206932	13.0%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5	62190	3.9%
4.5	253102	16.0%
4	606711	38.2%
3.5	338585	21.3%
3	206932	13.0%

review_taste
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	9
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	3.792860456
Minimum	1
Maximum	5
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.1 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	2.5
Q1	3.5
median	4
Q3	4.5
95-th percentile	5
Maximum	5
Range	4
Interquartile range (IQR)	1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.7319696099
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1929861692
Kurtosis	1.341669306
Mean	3.792860456
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.5
Skewness	-0.9734324438
Sum	6017805.5
Variance	0.5357795098
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=9)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4	541429	34.1%
4.5	336162	21.2%
3.5	324541	20.5%
3	166860	10.5%
5	83977	5.3%
2.5	66534	4.2%
2	41992	2.6%
1.5	15128	1.0%
1	9991	0.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	9991	0.6%
1.5	15128	1.0%
2	41992	2.6%
2.5	66534	4.2%
3	166860	10.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5	83977	5.3%
4.5	336162	21.2%
4	541429	34.1%
3.5	324541	20.5%
3	166860	10.5%

beer_name
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY

Distinct	56857
Distinct (%)	3.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.1 MiB

90 Minute IPA	3290
India Pale Ale	3130
Old Rasputin Russian Imperial Stout	3111
Sierra Nevada Celebration Ale	3000
Two Hearted Ale	2728
Other values (56852)	1571355

Length

Max length	75
Median length	19
Mean length	20.45317513
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	32451294
Distinct characters	190
Distinct categories	19 ?
Distinct scripts	5 ?
Distinct blocks	6 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	18908 ?
Unique (%)	1.2%

Sample

1st row	Sausa Weizen
2nd row	Red Moon
3rd row	Black Horse Black Beer
4th row	Sausa Pils
5th row	Cauldron DIPA

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
90 Minute IPA	3290	0.2%
India Pale Ale	3130	0.2%
Old Rasputin Russian Imperial Stout	3111	0.2%
Sierra Nevada Celebration Ale	3000	0.2%
Two Hearted Ale	2728	0.2%
Arrogant Bastard Ale	2704	0.2%
Stone Ruination IPA	2704	0.2%
Sierra Nevada Pale Ale	2587	0.2%
Stone IPA (India Pale Ale)	2575	0.2%
Pliny The Elder	2527	0.2%
Other values (56847)	1558258	98.2%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ale	390057	7.6%
stout	139632	2.7%
ipa	112739	2.2%
pale	94197	1.8%
imperial	75872	1.5%
porter	65143	1.3%
	63104	1.2%
lager	52754	1.0%
beer	43677	0.9%
samuel	42948	0.8%
Other values (28738)	4050017	78.9%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	3545473	10.9%
e	3527081	10.9%
a	2055389	6.3%
r	2035112	6.3%
l	1817251	5.6%
o	1602495	4.9%
i	1550559	4.8%
t	1540208	4.7%
n	1393651	4.3%
s	1087452	3.4%
Other values (180)	12296623	37.9%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	22576298	69.6%
Uppercase Letter	5373685	16.6%
Space Separator	3545492	10.9%
Decimal Number	337678	1.0%
Other Punctuation	294036	0.9%
Close Punctuation	111939	0.3%
Open Punctuation	111937	0.3%
Dash Punctuation	95525	0.3%
Other Symbol	2455	< 0.1%
Control	959	< 0.1%
Other values (9)	1290	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	3527081	15.6%
a	2055389	9.1%
r	2035112	9.0%
l	1817251	8.0%
o	1602495	7.1%
i	1550559	6.9%
t	1540208	6.8%
n	1393651	6.2%
s	1087452	4.8%
u	892827	4.0%
Other values (58)	5074273	22.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
A	771599	14.4%
S	663609	12.3%
B	568115	10.6%
P	469612	8.7%
I	292613	5.4%
D	253528	4.7%
H	246781	4.6%
C	243799	4.5%
W	200696	3.7%
L	198630	3.7%
Other values (40)	1464703	27.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
'	171493	58.3%
.	63173	21.5%
#	14162	4.8%
&	12314	4.2%
/	11932	4.1%
"	6479	2.2%
,	4149	1.4%
:	3078	1.0%
!	2870	1.0%
%	2537	0.9%
Other values (5)	1849	0.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
黑	229	86.1%
º	26	9.8%
ビ	2	0.8%
葉	1	0.4%
山	1	0.4%
ル	1	0.4%
横	1	0.4%
須	1	0.4%
賀	1	0.4%
ア	1	0.4%
Other values (2)	2	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	100405	29.7%
1	63830	18.9%
2	49056	14.5%
8	22544	6.7%
5	21438	6.3%
9	19902	5.9%
3	18320	5.4%
4	15604	4.6%
6	14188	4.2%
7	12391	3.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	362	37.7%
	316	33.0%
	154	16.1%
	98	10.2%
	18	1.9%
	6	0.6%
	3	0.3%
	2	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
“	3	50.0%
‘	2	33.3%
«	1	16.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	231	98.3%
”	3	1.3%
»	1	0.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
+	539	98.9%
=	4	0.7%
~	2	0.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
³	138	79.3%
½	35	20.1%
²	1	0.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	3545473	> 99.9%
	19	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(	111407	99.5%
[	530	0.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
)	111409	99.5%
]	530	0.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	95519	> 99.9%
–	6	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
´	10	90.9%
^	1	9.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ʼ	7	87.5%
ー	1	12.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
°	2455	100.0%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
$	44	100.0%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
‏	1	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	27950006	86.1%
Common	4501045	13.9%
Han	234	< 0.1%
Katakana	6	< 0.1%
Greek	3	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per script

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	3527081	12.6%
a	2055389	7.4%
r	2035112	7.3%
l	1817251	6.5%
o	1602495	5.7%
i	1550559	5.5%
t	1540208	5.5%
n	1393651	5.0%
s	1087452	3.9%
u	892827	3.2%
Other values (108)	10447981	37.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	3545473	78.8%
'	171493	3.8%
)	111409	2.5%
(	111407	2.5%
0	100405	2.2%
-	95519	2.1%
1	63830	1.4%
.	63173	1.4%
2	49056	1.1%
8	22544	0.5%
Other values (50)	166736	3.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
黑	229	97.9%
葉	1	0.4%
山	1	0.4%
横	1	0.4%
須	1	0.4%
賀	1	0.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ビ	2	33.3%
ル	1	16.7%
ア	1	16.7%
サ	1	16.7%
ケ	1	16.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Ω	3	100.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	32366038	99.7%
None	84762	0.3%
Punctuation	246	< 0.1%
CJK	234	< 0.1%
Katakana	7	< 0.1%
Modifier Letters	7	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per block

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	3545473	11.0%
e	3527081	10.9%
a	2055389	6.4%
r	2035112	6.3%
l	1817251	5.6%
o	1602495	5.0%
i	1550559	4.8%
t	1540208	4.8%
n	1393651	4.3%
s	1087452	3.4%
Other values (76)	12211367	37.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
é	19550	23.1%
ö	14822	17.5%
ä	11881	14.0%
è	7519	8.9%
ü	6147	7.3%
ë	3216	3.8%
ô	3055	3.6%
°	2455	2.9%
É	2306	2.7%
ê	1870	2.2%
Other values (75)	11941	14.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	231	93.9%
–	6	2.4%
“	3	1.2%
”	3	1.2%
‘	2	0.8%
‏	1	0.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
黑	229	97.9%
葉	1	0.4%
山	1	0.4%
横	1	0.4%
須	1	0.4%
賀	1	0.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ビ	2	28.6%
ー	1	14.3%
ル	1	14.3%
ア	1	14.3%
サ	1	14.3%
ケ	1	14.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ʼ	7	100.0%

beer_abv
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	530
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	67785
Missing (%)	4.3%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	7.042386753
Minimum	0.01
Maximum	57.7
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.1 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.01
5-th percentile	4.5
Q1	5.2
median	6.5
Q3	8.5
95-th percentile	11
Maximum	57.7
Range	57.69
Interquartile range (IQR)	3.3

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.322525993
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3297924516
Kurtosis	6.961811545
Mean	7.042386753
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1.5
Skewness	1.543406148
Sum	10696181.23
Variance	5.394126987
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5	109144	6.9%
8	67744	4.3%
6	65383	4.1%
7	59460	3.7%
9	59183	3.7%
5.5	59010	3.7%
10	54780	3.5%
6.5	48369	3.0%
5.2	43268	2.7%
7.5	39978	2.5%
Other values (520)	912510	57.5%
(Missing)	67785	4.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.01	5	< 0.1%
0.05	17	< 0.1%
0.08	1	< 0.1%
0.1	11	< 0.1%
0.25	3	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
57.7	1	< 0.1%
43	2	< 0.1%
41	76	< 0.1%
39.44	3	< 0.1%
39	7	< 0.1%

beer_beerid
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	66055
Distinct (%)	4.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	21712.79428
Minimum	3
Maximum	77317
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.1 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	3
5-th percentile	213
Q1	1717
median	13906
Q3	39441
95-th percentile	62653
Maximum	77317
Range	77314
Interquartile range (IQR)	37724

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	21818.336
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.004860808
Kurtosis	-0.8339342225
Mean	21712.79428
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	13217
Skewness	0.6893969312
Sum	3.444982338 × 10¹⁰
Variance	476039785.7
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2093	3290	0.2%
412	3111	0.2%
1904	3000	0.2%
1093	2728	0.2%
92	2704	0.2%
4083	2704	0.2%
276	2587	0.2%
88	2575	0.2%
7971	2527	0.2%
11757	2502	0.2%
Other values (66045)	1558886	98.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3	3	< 0.1%
4	10	< 0.1%
5	424	< 0.1%
6	877	0.1%
7	659	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
77317	1	< 0.1%
77316	1	< 0.1%
77315	1	< 0.1%
77314	1	< 0.1%
77313	1	< 0.1%

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

The correlation heatmap measures nullity correlation: how strongly the presence or absence of one variable affects the presence of another.

The dendrogram allows you to more fully correlate variable completion, revealing trends deeper than the pairwise ones visible in the correlation heatmap.

First rows

	brewery_id	brewery_name	review_time	review_overall	review_aroma	review_appearance	review_profilename	review_palate	review_taste	beer_name	beer_abv	beer_beerid
0	10325	Vecchio Birraio	1234817823	1.5	2.0	2.5	stcules	1.5	1.5	Sausa Weizen	5.0	47986
1	10325	Vecchio Birraio	1235915097	3.0	2.5	3.0	stcules	3.0	3.0	Red Moon	6.2	48213
2	10325	Vecchio Birraio	1235916604	3.0	2.5	3.0	stcules	3.0	3.0	Black Horse Black Beer	6.5	48215
3	10325	Vecchio Birraio	1234725145	3.0	3.0	3.5	stcules	2.5	3.0	Sausa Pils	5.0	47969
4	1075	Caldera Brewing Company	1293735206	4.0	4.5	4.0	johnmichaelsen	4.0	4.5	Cauldron DIPA	7.7	64883
5	1075	Caldera Brewing Company	1325524659	3.0	3.5	3.5	oline73	3.0	3.5	Caldera Ginger Beer	4.7	52159
6	1075	Caldera Brewing Company	1318991115	3.5	3.5	3.5	Reidrover	4.0	4.0	Caldera Ginger Beer	4.7	52159
7	1075	Caldera Brewing Company	1306276018	3.0	2.5	3.5	alpinebryant	2.0	3.5	Caldera Ginger Beer	4.7	52159
8	1075	Caldera Brewing Company	1290454503	4.0	3.0	3.5	LordAdmNelson	3.5	4.0	Caldera Ginger Beer	4.7	52159
9	1075	Caldera Brewing Company	1285632924	4.5	3.5	5.0	augustgarage	4.0	4.0	Caldera Ginger Beer	4.7	52159

Last rows

	brewery_id	brewery_name	review_time	review_overall	review_aroma	review_appearance	review_profilename	review_palate	review_taste	beer_name	beer_abv	beer_beerid
1586604	14359	The Defiant Brewing Company	1288890206	4.0	4.5	4.5	njmoons	3.5	3.5	The Horseman's Ale	5.2	33061
1586605	14359	The Defiant Brewing Company	1163291143	5.0	5.0	5.0	NyackNicky	5.0	5.0	The Horseman's Ale	5.2	33061
1586606	14359	The Defiant Brewing Company	1162871808	5.0	4.5	4.0	blitheringidiot	5.0	5.0	The Horseman's Ale	5.2	33061
1586607	14359	The Defiant Brewing Company	1162865640	5.0	5.0	4.5	PopeDX	5.0	4.5	The Horseman's Ale	5.2	33061
1586608	14359	The Defiant Brewing Company	1162685856	3.5	4.0	4.0	treehugger02010	3.5	3.0	The Horseman's Ale	5.2	33061
1586609	14359	The Defiant Brewing Company	1162684892	5.0	4.0	3.5	maddogruss	4.0	4.0	The Horseman's Ale	5.2	33061
1586610	14359	The Defiant Brewing Company	1161048566	4.0	5.0	2.5	yelterdow	2.0	4.0	The Horseman's Ale	5.2	33061
1586611	14359	The Defiant Brewing Company	1160702513	4.5	3.5	3.0	TongoRad	3.5	4.0	The Horseman's Ale	5.2	33061
1586612	14359	The Defiant Brewing Company	1160023044	4.0	4.5	4.5	dherling	4.5	4.5	The Horseman's Ale	5.2	33061
1586613	14359	The Defiant Brewing Company	1160005319	5.0	4.5	4.5	cbl2	4.5	4.5	The Horseman's Ale	5.2	33061

Overview

Variables

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows